2012年工程硕士复习—英语核心词汇（P—S）

　　01. persuasive
　　adj. 有说服力的；劝诱的：a persuasive talker有说服力的讲话人

　　02. physical

　　a. ①身体的，肉体的：physical training体育锻炼

　　②物质的：the physical world 物质世界

　　③物理(学)的：a physical change物理变化

　　n. 体检：a yearly physical一年一次的体检

　　03. prevent

　　vt. (from)防止，预防：There was nothing to prevent her from doing so.

　　04. previous

　　a. ①先前的，以前的：on the previous day 前一天

　　②过早的，过急的：He was a little too previous in making the decision.

　　05. prior

　　a. ①次序在先的，在前的：Prior to her marriage, she was an actress.

　　②优先的，更重要的：This duty is prior to all others.

　　prior to在…之前

　　06. prize

　　n. ①奖品，奖金：the Nobel Prize诺贝尔奖金

　　②值得追求的东西：Good health is an inestimable prize.

　　vt. 珍视，重视：She prized the teacher's praise highly.

　　07. psychological

　　a. 心理上的，心理学的：a psychological factor心理上的因素

　　08. punctual

　　a. 严守时刻的，准时的：Please be punctual.

　　09. rapid

　　a. 快的，迅速的：a rapid growth in population人口的迅速增长

　　n. (用复数)急流，湍流

　　10. rarely

　　adv. 很少，难得：We rarely met those days.

　　11. rate

　　n. ①率，比率：the rate between the US dollar and the pound美元与英镑的兑换率

　　②价格：The houses are sold at a high rate.

　　vt. ①对…估价，评价：

　　She is generally rated as one of the best modern poets.她被公认为现代最杰出的诗人之一。

　　②值得：rate a mention值得一提

　　at any rate无论如何，至少

　　at this rate照这种情形，既然这样

　　12. recite

　　vt./vi. ①背诵，朗诵：I don't like reciting in public.

　　②一一列举：recite the dates of important historical events列举重大历史事件的日期

　　13. recognition

　　n. ①认出，认识： beyond recognition 认不出来

　　②承认，认可：receive

　　recognition 得到承认

　　14. recruit

　　n. 新兵，新成员：

　　New recruits to our music club are always welcome.我们的音乐俱乐部随时欢迎新会员参加。

　　vt. 招聘，招募：

　　Most of the teachers there are recruited from abroad.那里的大多数教师是从海外招聘的。

　　15. refuse

　　vt. 拒绝，不同意：He never refuses to help his comrades.

　　n. 废物，垃圾：a refuse dump垃圾堆

　　16. release
　　n./vt. ①释放，解放：We released the bird from the cage and it flew away.

　　②放松，放出：He released his hold on the rope.

　　③豁免，免除：release sb. from his promise使某人不必履行诺言

　　④发布(新闻)，发行(书、影片等)：Their latest record will be released next week.

　　17. reliable

　　a. 可靠的，可信赖的：reliable news可靠的消息

　　18. reluctant

　　a. 不情愿的，勉强的：He seemed reluctant to join us.

　　19. repay

　　vt./vi.①归还，偿还：I promised to repay in two days the money he had lent me.

　　②报答：How can I ever repay the kindness which he has shown me?

　　20. residential

　　adj. 居住的，住宅区的：a quiet residential area安静的住宅区

　　21. reward

　　n. ①报酬，酬金：offer a reward of $5 for the finder of a lost watch给拾得失表者酬谢 5 元

　　②奖赏，报答：They gave a reward to me for my honesty.

　　vt./vi. (for)酬劳，报答，酬谢：His efforts were rewarded by success.

　　22. risk

　　n. 危险，风险：There is the risk of your catching cold.

　　vt. 使遭受危险，冒…的危险：Did you ever think that you were risking your life?

　　at risk处境危险

　　at the risk of冒着…的危险

　　23. secure

　　a. 安全的：evacuate the wounded to a secure place 把伤员转移到安全的地方去

　　vt. ①(against)保卫，防卫：

　　build breakwaters to secure a harbor against waves修筑防堤使港口免受浪潮冲击

　　②得到，获得：Perfect teamwork secures a better performance.

　　24. seek

　　vt./vi. ①寻找，探索：seek after the truth寻找真理

　　②企图，试图：They sought to punish him for his crime but he escaped.

　　③征求(意见)，请求(帮助)：You should seek advice from your lawyer.

　　25. sensation

　　n. ①感觉，知觉：I had the sensation that I was being watched.

　　②轰动，轰动一时的事情：The new invention has created a great sensation.

　　26. separate

　　a. ①分开的：Cut it into three separate parts.

　　②单独的，独立的：I want a separate room.

　　vt./vi.①(使)分离：Theory should by no means be separated from practice.

　　②区分：It is not difficult to separate a butterfly from a moth.

　　27. settle

　　vt./vi. ①安排：Let's settle the date of the meeting.

　　②安放：She settled herself in an armchair.

　　③定居：be settled in the countryside在农村定居

　　④解决：The internal affairs of each country should be settled by its own people.

　　settle down定居，过安定的生活

　　settle for勉强认可: She had to settle for an unskilled job because there was no work for people with her

　　qualifications.

　　settle in/into在新居安顿下来；适应新环境(新工作)

　　settle on/upon选定，决定

　　settle up付清(欠款等)，结清(账目)

　　settlement n. ①解决：the settlement of an issue问题的解决

　　②清账，结算：I enclose a cheque in settlement of your claim.

　　28. shatter

　　v. ①粉碎，破碎：I dropped the mirror on the floor and it shattered.我把镜子掉到地上摔碎了。

　　②使震惊：We were shattered to hear of her sudden death.听到她突然死了，我们都感到震惊。

　　③精疲力竭：I feel completely shattered after that run up the hill.我跑上小山之后，感到筋疲力尽。

　　29. shift

　　vt./vi. ①移动：He shifted impatiently in his seat during the long speech.在听冗长的报告时，他不耐烦地在座

　　位上挪来挪去。

　　②转换，转变：The wind has shifted to the north.

　　③推卸，转嫁：Don't try to shift the responsibility on to others.

　　n. ①转换，转变：The plan shows a shift in emphasis.

　　②(轮)班，(换)班：work in three shifts分三班工作

　　30. sketch

　　n. ①草图，略图：He made a sketch of the railway system in this province.

　　②概略，梗概：He gave me a sketch of his plans.

　　vi./vt.①画草图，素描：be sketched directly from nature直接从大自然写生

　　②(out) 草拟：sketch out a plan草拟计划

　　31. spectacular
　　a.壮观的，引人入胜的：a spectacular firework display颇为壮观的烟火表演

　　n.壮观的演出，惊人之举

　　32. speculate

　　vi.①(about，on)推断，推测：speculate upon the origin of the universe推究宇宙的起源

　　②投机，做投机买卖：speculate in stocks做股票投机

　　33. speed

　　n.①快，迅速：It's dangerous to corner at speed.

　　②速度，速率：If he can maintain this speed, he will win the race.

　　vt./vi. (sped，sped)①速进，急速行进：The boy sped down the street.

　　②(up)加速：The heart speeds up.

　　speed up使加速

　　34. spread

　　vt./vi. (~，~)①伸开，展开：The bird spread its wings.

　　②传播，散布：spread news散布消息

　　③涂，敷：The colour is not evenly spread.

　　n.传播，蔓延：the spread of education教育的普及

　　spread out(人群等)散开；延伸

　　35. spur

　　n.激励，刺激(物)：This book is a spur to the child's imagination.

　　vt./vi. (-rr-)鞭策，刺激：She spurred her team on to greater efforts.她鼓励她的队作出更大的努力。

　　on the spur of the moment一时冲动之下，当即

　　36. state

　　n.①状态，状况：I'm very concerned about the state of her health.我非常关心她的健康状况。

　　②国家，政府：a neutral state 中立国 ③(常作 State) (美国等的)州

　　vt.陈述，阐明：He stated that he didn't agree with the proposal.

　　37. stimulating

　　adj.①使人振奋的：

　　I find swimming the most stimulating form of exercise.我发现游泳是最令人振奋的锻炼方式。

　　②起激励作用的：

　　We had a most stimulating conversation.我们进行了一次颇有启发性的谈话。

　　38. submit

　　vt.①屈服，认输: He was losing the fight but he would not submit.他在拳击中正节节败退，但是他并不服输。

　　②提交，提出建议：We are submitting the proposal to the committee for their approval.我们把建议提交委

　　员会审批。

　　39. sufficient

　　a.充分的，足够的：There was sufficient food for everybody.有足够所有人吃的食物。

　　40. superb

　　a.①宏伟的，壮丽的：a superb building壮丽的建筑

　　②高质量的，极好的：The food was superb.