72. emergence, emergency
emergence是emerge的名词形式。
Emergency意为“紧急情况”,“突然事件”。
73. everyday, every day
everyday每日的,日常的(作定语)。如:This morning exercise has become my everyday routine.
every day每天(作状语)。如:She gets up early every day.
74. endure, bear, stand, tolerate, withstand
都表忍受,忍耐。
bear忍受,容忍,指忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。如:It is hard to bear to be laughed at.(被人取笑是难以忍受的。)
endure忍耐,书面语,指长时间经受痛苦而不屈服。如:It takes patience to endure hardships. 忍受苦难需要耐力。)
stand忍受,与bear同义,但较口语化。如:She can’t stand having nothing to do.(没事干,她受不了。)
tolerate容忍,容许,指自我克制的态度,对于令人反感的事没有任何抗议。如:I can’t tolerate him if he goes on like that. (他如果继续这样下去的话,我决不会容忍他。)
withstand经受,承受,指顶住外来的压力和攻势。如:They have withstood all test.(他们经受了一切考验。)
75. error, mistake, fault, shortcoming
均表“缺点”,“错误”。
error是通用词,指任何错误,“犯错误”可以说commit /make an error。
mistake指判断或理解方面,或指因考虑不周而造成的错误,搭配是make a mistake。
fault表示“过失”,可与error通用,现多用来指缺点,特指缺乏某要素因而不完美。如:There is a fault in this machine.(这台机器有一处毛病。)构成短语 find fault with挑剔,找毛病。
shortcoming 缺点,可指人或事物的本质上不足之处(常用复数)。如:In spite of his shortcomings, I still like him.(尽管他缺点多,我仍然喜欢他。)
76. especially, particularly, specially
均可表“特别地”。
especially一般表示某事物在意义、程度、重要性性超过其他事物。如:I love Italy, especially in summer.(我喜欢意大利,尤其在夏天。)
particularly往往着重说明与同类事物不同的个别事物。如:The visitors admired his paintings, but particularly the portrait of his daughter.(来访者赞赏他所有的绘画,特别是他女儿的画像。)
specially 多表示“专门地”,“为特别目的的地”,如表“不寻常”,“过分”等,可与especially通用。如:I made chocolate cake specially for you.(我特地为你做了巧克力蛋糕。)
77. exchange, replace, substitute
均含有“换”之意。
exchange指“互相交换”。
replace的含义为“替换”,“取代”。如:George has replaced Edward as captain of the team.(乔石治已接替爱德华担任队长。)
substitute则表示“用……代替”。如:We substitute nylon for cotton.(我们用尼龙代替了棉花。)
78. fall, descend
都可表向下运动。
fall指由于重力突然从高处落下或因为失去平衡而跌倒。如:She slipped and fell down.(她滑了一下摔倒了。)
descend多指沿着斜面而缓慢向下移动。如:He descended the hill.(他下山了。)
79. fame, honor, reputation
都可表名声。
fame是常用词,一般指好的名声。如:He was not anxious for fame.(他并不渴望成名。)
honor荣誉,尊敬,指受到公众崇敬的荣誉和光荣。如:This is an honor more than I can deserve.(这光荣我受之有愧。)
reputation名誉,指公众对某人的看法,可好可坏。如:He has a reputation for laziness.(他的懒惰出了名。)
80. fell, fall
fell砍伐(树木)。如:They are felling the trees.(他们在砍树。)
fell也可作fall的过去式;fell作“砍伐”时,它的过去式,过去分词分别为felled, felled.
81. formally, formerly
formally正式地。如:We were required to dress formally for the party.
formerly从前。如:Formerly he worked in a factory, but now he is a teacher.
82. frank, honest, sincere
都与坦率有关。
frank直率的,坦白的,着重表达自己的情感和想法时没有保留。如:To be frank with you, I do not know the answer myself.(老实说,我自己也不知道答案。)
honest诚实的,正直的,指遵守正直等道德准则。如:We want your honest opinion, not empty compliments.(我们需要你的诚心恳的意见,而不是空洞的恭维。)
Sincere诚挚的,诚恳的,强调出自内心的真心实意。如:Please accept this as a token of my sincere gratitude.(请接受这份表示我真诚感谢的礼物。)
83. gaze, stare, glance, glimpse
都与“看”有关。
gaze“凝视”,强调由于惊奇、兴趣,目不转睛地注视。
Stare强调由于好奇、害怕或无意地睁大眼睛盯着看看。
glare“怒视”,是凶狠地含有威胁地盯着看。
glimpse“一瞥”,是短暂而急促地看,含有意地匆匆地看一眼,现多用作名词。
[注意]一般表示“看”的单词大多同at搭配构成短,但glimpse却有catch (have) a glimpse of这一搭配。
84. genius, gift, talent
都有天才之意。
genius天才,是这三词中程度最高的词。如:Shakespeare was a man of great genius.
gift天赋,比“天才”的意义要弱一点,可用复数。如:He is a man of many gifts.(他多才多艺。)
talent才能,一般不用复数,指通过学习和勤奋掌握的本领、技术和其他的活动能力。如:As a novelist, he shows great talent in characterization.(作为小说家,他在描写人物方面显出很大的才能。)
85. get, achieve, acquire, attain, gain, obtain
均可表“获得”。
get用得最广,可指以各种方式获得各种东西。如:Where can I get enough information?(我从哪儿能得到足够的资料?)
achieve多指克服困难后取得胜利,成功,强调“得到”这一结果。如:He achieved his ambition in the end.(他最终实现了他的抱负。)
acquire指通过本身的努力逐渐获得知识、能力和荣誉等。如:acquire knowledge(获得知识)。
attain为正式用词,多用于庄重场合,主要指通过努力达到重要目的或得到珍贵的东西。如:The scientist attained great fame by a new discovery.(那科学家由于一次新发现而出了名。)
gain多指付出极大努力后获得或赢得给自己带来优势的东西。如:They gained the victory after a bloody battle.(浴血奋战后他们赢得了胜利。)
obtain多指凭努力或恳求得到急需或很想得到的东西。如:Howard had failed to obtain a scholarship.(霍华德没能得到奖学金。)
86. grasp, seize, snatch
都有“抓”的意思。
grasp为常用词,是用适度的力量抓牢。
seize是突然用力抓住。
snatch“攫取”,指出其不意地,突然一把抓住并拿向自己。
87. hanged, hung
hang, hanged, hanged吊死。如:He hanged himself when he failed.
Hang, hung, hung悬挂。如:His pictures were hung in the museum.
88. haste, hurry, speed
都与速度有关。
haste急速,急忙,多指人的动作迅速和匆忙。如:I felt no haste to depart.(我不急着走。)
hurry急忙,匆忙,常表示混乱,焦急和忙乱的意思。如:I forgot to pay my bill in my hurry.
Speed迅速,快,不暗示忙乱或焦急。如:More haste, less speed.(欲速则不达。)
89. hard, hardly
hard努力地。如:Take it easy. You’ve been working too hard.
hardly几乎不,简直不。如:The children can hardly wait to hear the news.
90. home, house
home家。如:East or west, home is best.
House房子,住宅。如:Our new house is quite near the station.
91. equal, equivalent, identical, same
皆含相同,相等之意。
equal相同的,相等的,特指“数量,价值等”相同。如:Their ages are equal.
equivalent相等的,特指“价值,效力,意义”等相同的。如:This sentence is equivalent to that.
identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasions.
identical相同的,相等的,侧重于某一细节上完全相同。如:She wore the identical dress on both occasion.(她在两种场合穿同样的衣服。)
same相同的,表示在质量、类型、外表或意义上相同,而实际上有差异。如:He is of about the same age as you.
92. imaginable, imaginary, imaginative
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