MBA-MBA英语－翻译练习八 词义的选择

五，词义的选择

A． 英语单词的词义比较灵活，一个词可以具有几种不同的含义。一个词的词义往往取决于与它搭配部分的词对它的制约。比如have在下列词组中具有的不同含义：

1）Have a letter.

2）Have a cup of coffee.

3）Have a cold.

4）Have a try.

B． 有时，一个词的词义很难仅仅依靠该词在行文中的搭配，组合关系来判断，还必须联系上下文，统观全句，全段才能确定这个词所具有的含义。例如下列句子中last所表示的意义：

1）He is the last man to come.

2）He is the last man to do it.

3）He is the last man for such a job.

4）This is the last place where I expected to meet you.

Ⅱ 根据上下文逻辑关系将词义加以引申

由于英汉两种语言在词语搭配和句子结构上存在许多差异，英译汉时总有一些词或词组难以按原文的字面意义直译出来，为了使译文通顺达意，常常须将原文词义根据上下文的内在联系和逻辑关系将原文词语的深层意义表达出来，因此不能主观随意，不能脱离原文词义的基本范围。引申词义可从以下方面来考虑：

A.词义转译

An idea formed in my mind.

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B.词义具体化

Let me put on my things.

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C.词义抽象化

Wait a minute.

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Tell the policeman your story.

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Every life has its roses and thorns

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练习：

1.

This is the first round.

There is a round table the room.

Round the corner slowly. 

He walked round the house.

Come round tomorrow.

2.

She likes reading more than writing.

He doesn’t look like a professor.

I can’t play piano like you do.

3.

He shook her hand and went away.                  

Mike writes a good hand.

His hand is out. 

Give me a hand, please. 

This office is short of hands. 

We have the situation well in hand.

4.  

Could you pick me up at 7?

He slipped and fell, but quickly picked himself up.

She picked up a used camera at the flea market.

His health picked up after a week in hospital.

Survivors of the air disaster were picked up by small boats.

Don’t pick up strange boys.

How can you manage to pick up the language in such a short period of time?

The murderer was picked up within 24 hours.

We picked up the story again at the point where Jack has lost his job at the newspaper.

5．

I’ll see her home tonight.

India is the home of elephants.

New homes are for sale.

She’s at home where she is.

Maternity home costs in America have gone up sharply.

Much is produced here for home market.

He looks on London as his home.

6．

That car was really moving.

Stock prices moved ahead today. 

The story of their sufferings moved us deeply.

Work on the new building is moving quickly.

The government’s opinions on this matter haven’t moved.

I move that we support the introduction of this new technological process.

She moves in the highest circles of society.

Unless the employers move quickly, there will be strike.

7．

I think your suggestion will work.

The new treatment works like magic.

My watch doesn’t work.

The sea works high.

She worked her way to the front.

The root of the pine tree worked down between the stones.

The new regulation is working well.

8.

I want to present everyone present a present.

9.

The insurance was invalid for the invalid.